jueves, 21 de junio de 2007

El nuevo año Aymara

21 de junio, ¿mítico o real?


Este Junio se celebró el 5515º año aymara, que es una costumbre realizada por nuestros antepasados. El ritual para conmemorar con las primeras luces del día el “Wilkakuti” (retorno del sol en aymara) se lo realiza cada año en las ruinas de Tihuanaku-Templo de kalasasaya , en aquel lugar, dicen que se encierra una energía magnífica e indescriptible.

Cada 21 de junio, aymaras, bolivianos, extranjeros se reunen en Tiwanaku para esta celebración donde se cargan de la energia del Sol. Yo creo que el con transcurrir del tiempo todos los bolivianos ya nos caracterizamos con dicha celebración que es propia. Este acto se lo realiza unas horas antes del año nuevo, este acontecimiento se lo transmite en vivo y se ve como el frio azota a todos en fin para combatir el frio preparan fogatas, bailan al son de las sicuriadas, hacen parriladas, en fin todo para entrar en calor.

Los rayos del sol son recibidos por los visitantes
A las 6 de la mañana todos se preparan para recibir el nuevo año Aymara, se ve por la televisión que todos esperaban con ansias que el Tatita Inti saliera, todos los presentes se ponen alegres, los yatiris empiezan a echar alcohol, a gritar Jallalla y pedir al Sol properidad en la siembra. Así todos levantan las manos para arriba para recibir la energia áurea, el tatita Inti hace su aparición repartiendo toda su energía y posteriomente se lo ve completo.
Al quedar todos revitalizados se van rumbo a la Ciudad de La Paz o a su lugar de origen a continuar con su diario vivir.

La fiesta tuvo varias replicas en distintos lugares como:

La Paz se celebró en el denominado Valle de la Luna, situado en la zona sur de La Paz, y en la Apacheta de la Cumbre, a 5.000 metros de altura. En la localidad de Copacabana, en inmediaciones del lago Titicaca y el observatorio de la Horca del Inca (nombre erróneo). En el fuerte de Samaipata, construido por incas, en el oriente boliviano, departamento de Santa Cruz. En el salar de Uyuni de Potosí y en Pampa Aullagas de Oruro, que se según investigaciones del cartógrafo británico Jim Allen existió allí la ciudad mítica de la Atlantida.


Se van poniendo dudas en el camino si en verdad es cierto o falso todo eso del año nuevo Aymara, aparentemente, es una recreación reciente que llegó a Bolivia por la influencia del Perú que implementó la fiesta con fines turísticos.

Subí este articulo de un periodico:

"-LaRazón-conversó con ocho campesinos de diferentes zonas del altiplano. Ellos coinciden en señalar que el 21 de junio pasaría inadvertido si no fuera por sus dirigentes que impulsan la celebración y la confunden con San Juan, la fiesta del agua y el fuego y que tiene otra connotación."



Según el antropólogo Milton Eyzaguirre, “se piensa que estamos en el año 5.000 y eso, a partir de datos arqueológicos, es incompatible porque ni siquiera Tiwanaku llegó a tener 5.000 años de antigüedad y menos los aymaras que aparecen en el contexto andino el año 1.100 después de Cristo, es decir, en esta parte del continente hace unos 900 años”. “En realidad en esta fecha se trata de jalar a los turistas para que piensen que estamos retomando una cosmovisión andina vinculada con el pasado prehispánico, pero no es tal, lo único que se hace es una representación de un supuesto año aymara”.
Según algunos cronistas, cerca del 21 de diciembre, cuando el sol se acerca más a la tierra, es cuando empieza realmente el año nuevo del mundo aymara. “Es cuando el sol se acerca más a la tierra. Es importante porque, además, combina con el comienzo real del año, de acuerdo a los calendarios heredados de varios cronistas, entre ellos Huamán Poma”. Añadió que estos cronistas sostienen que “el año empieza en diciembre y no en junio como se nos está diciendo en estas formas de representación del calendario aymara”.


En este marco, el antropólogo añadió que la forma de pensar del Año nuevo aymara es reciente, 15 años en Tiwanaku, tres o cuatro en la Isla del Sol.




Ahora es una costumbre, turística por cierto pero es nuestra, de nuestro pueblo y debemos seguir adelante ... ¡Jallalla Bolivia!

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